Manal Faleh Essays - Characters In Macbeth, English-language Films

Manal Faleh Educator Kristen Mistler AP English 12 15 December 2016 Macbeth Timed Writing (1999) Laurence Stern once composed that nobody can sentiment of having your brain pulling in two separate ways, aside from he who is feeling it himself. In Shakespeare's catastrophe, Macbeth, there is a conspicuous case of this inclination. Macbeth's wants and aspirations pull him among light and obscurity, causing at fight in the internal corners of his inner mind. Drawing from one theme in this play, we see that Macbeth is depicted as a faithful general, aristocrat, and hireling of King Duncan and Scotland all in all. This would speak to the light inside Macbeth, before the debasement of intensity. When Banquo and Macbeth hear the prescience from the three witches, the two of them measly forget about it, and even make wry jokes. We initially start to see the light, or great, in Macbeth in this very scene. The idea of turning out to be Thane of Cawdor, and one day, King of Scotland, didn't enlist in Macbeth's psyche until he was, in reality, delegated Thane of Cawdor. One piece of the prediction has demonstrated valid, and this just stirs the yearn for achievement in Macbeth. Now in the play, we witness light's sister theme, murkiness, crawling up on Macbeth. Since he has experienced flourishing, he just becomes hungry for additional. After offering the updates on the prediction to his better half, Lady Macbeth, she turns into the main thrust of Macbeth's inquiries of his loyalty to King Duncan. He completely comprehends the outcomes of homicide, and even confesses to gambling everlasting punishment to arrive at his aspirations. We note the two clashing bearings of Macbeth's brain when he consents to submit the homicide, yet transfers his interests and weakness to Lady Macbeth. Woman Macbeth disgraces Macbeth by disclosing to him he is definitely not a genuine man, since he isn't acing on his craving to become lord. She in the long run persuades him to carry out the thing. In the quick minutes after the homicide, Macbeth show dread and lament. Still it cried Sleep no more!' to all the house: Glamis hath murder'd rest, and along these lines Cawdor Shall rest no more; Macbeth will rest no more. (Act 11, Scene 11, Lines 701-703) His hands contacted with blood, meaning the blame behind the homicide. To tie the contention among light and obscurity to the abstract work overall, we are demonstrated that in many cases, it might appear as if haziness accomplishes the objectives and aspirations within reach, however everything accompanies a cost. Macbeth experienced distrustfulness, double dealing, and the self destruction of Lady Macbeth. Haziness in the long run overwhelmed Macbeth in general, even down to the simple minutes before his death.

Worksheet 1 (architecture) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Worksheet 1 (design) - Essay Example From Old Main in the Gothic Revival style to the new Performance Hall a scope of building configuration can be found. The Family Life Building worked in the 1935 was Art Deco. Each building was worked in a particular style. The outside may be revamped, however a significant number of the structures are rebuilt within alone. Subsequently the structures remain consistent with authentic external veneers, however are refreshed to be present day within. The Manon Caine Russell Kathryn Caine Wanlass Performance Hall is a genuinely new expansion to the USU. It is the USU Performance Hall. The glass, steel, and cement geometrical structure a dynamite acoustical lobby for exhibitions. The 400 seat corridor is ideal for sound quality. The suspension of every single mechanical framework either with cushions or springs reduces any vibrations or additional sounds. The Performance Hall was made exclusively for the most ideal acoustical impacts. Old Main is my preferred structure for a few reasons. Initially, the structure had a fire in the 80’s. Rather than tearing the structure down, the structure was reestablished. I accept that increasingly old structures should be kept up and reestablished as opposed to being torn down. Old Main has been rebuilt on the inside throughout the years. Most things should be kept up. Structures are no special case. One case of a rebuild is the ringers. In the pinnacle ringers have been situated since 1904. Today electronic chimes can be heard like clockwork during the day. The redesigns have made Old Main into a cutting edge expanding within, while staying a Gothic Revival tribute outwardly. The most established structure on the Utah State University grounds is Old Main. This Gothic Revival building goes back to 1889. The structure has been remodeled and included to a few times. The structure, in spite of being over a hundred years of age, despite everything capacities. Old Main as of now houses USU organization and fundamental workplaces for USA divisions. The first strategic the college was to advance land-award or horticulture. The USU was initially the

A Storytellers Guide to Library Branding

A Storyteller’s Guide to Library Branding (0) Let’s open the floodgates to today’s topic with this quote by branding guru Scott Bredbury: “A brand is a story that is always being told.” This quote literally stopped me in my tracks. A story! Of course. What a beautiful and succinct way to express my beliefs about school library branding. I believe that a school library’s culture, and thus its branding, is reliant on a positive overall school cultureâ€"and that culture is made up of stories. In this article, I offer my vision for school library branding. I will talk about what branding means to me and where I began in my current project. Then, I will connect library culture and school culture to what I have done so far. Finally, I will close with what I have learned about branding. Begin at the beginning To put it mildly, I was chomping at the bit to start learning about Edward R. Murrow, the man and high school, when I accepted their library media specialist job and it was a done deal. I have years of practical experience in library design, but this was the first branding project I began in an environment with an already firmly established school culture and tone. I view culture in general as a collection of stories that when combined characterize its people. The first step in branding a school library is understanding the dually-occuring stories of the school and the library. Some questions I asked myself were: What is the story of Edward R. Murrow High School? What is the story of the Murrow Library? How do their stories intersect? I was hired in mid-June, 2018, and spent the next nine weeks researching the school’s history, poring over its website, data and public reports, and walking around the neighborhood to get a feel for the environment surrounding it. I then turned my attention to the library, checked out the current state of design, its catalog, digital resources, and its ordering history. I cannot say that I sought any of this information in order to brand the library, but I see now how invaluable it has been in the branding that was to come. What emerged from my research was an image of a strong school with deep roots. More like a small city, Edward R. Murrow High School has 4,000 students and over 250 faculty and staff members. The school was founded in 1974 by Saul Bruckner and was (and still is) a very progressive school for New York City. As an insider, I can say that I have never experienced a school with such a rich and established culture as Murrow. The culture is both palpable and ambiguous, yet layered with 44 years worth of history and tradition. Murrow was built on a solid foundation and has been well maintained. This information gave me a foundational understanding of the philosophies, goals, and attributes of the school as well as demographic and instructional/academic data. Foundational understanding is necessary, but practical understanding experienced by being in the environment is equally, if not more, crucial. However, the hard data was only half of the school’s story. Research and data only go so far in qualifying the feeling inside the building. Next, I needed to collect soft data; data that only interacting with the environment could offer. Being new to the school and one of a trio of librarians, my focus was to learn as much as I could about the school and build my knowledge about it by initiating conversation around the topics of school and library culture. Living in the environment to be branded is key. The culture of the library as well as the culture of the school in which it operates must be experienced firsthand. After each class I taught and at points throughout the day, I jotted down notes about things that happened between students, things I noticed, people I had met, and conversations we had. This soft data is more important in creating a positive library culture and brand than some of the hard data, in my opinion. Although hard data is valuable, practical experience (the soft data) is paramount. The interactions I had with students and teachers added texture to the school environment and allowed me to interpret the best ways to use the hard data. Interactions are memorable. Data is not (sorry data). Bringing it all together The soft data is important because a brand is a story that is always being told. In a school library, those stories are your library’s culture. I envision culture to be an invisible web that totally surrounds one’s organization and is made up of all the impressions, perceptions, feelings, stories, and experiences of everyone that acts within it. This blog post from USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism talks about a symposium held in Virginia to rebrand the United States Navy. Presenters like Ira Glass of NPR’s This American Life discussed ways to potentially refresh the Navy brand through effective storytelling. I was most interested in Glass’s assertion that “stories need to be about people, not events. By telling stories that make listeners feel something, and that help them relate to a specific person, we can better connect and resonate a universal idea.” Equally interesting to me was the position of Dr. Bruce Strong, a professor at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications. “Effective storytelling begins with a compelling plot that eventually leads to the transformation of a person. All transformation comprises an emotional core, which, in turn, produces an unalterable emotional connection with the audience” (2015). At this point, I took stock of my observations and data and crystallized them into keywords, or tags. For each experience I was involved in or casually observed, I assigned it a tag in my notes. I assigned tags while reflecting on my observations and began to recognize patterns. Patterns are a signal to me that something noteworthy is happening. Patterns point to culture. Tags included: diverse students, academic minded students, collaborative teachers, accepting, honest kids, curious, rigorous instruction, independence, diversity, and strong culture. These keywords helped me to gain a more global view of who the patrons are. They are the main ideas and the many observations and points of data are the supporting details of the story. Now the real work could begin! The logo Lucid Press put it best when they said that “a brand exists only in the minds of your customers. Simply put, a brand is the sum total of all the impressions a customer has, based on every interaction they have had with you, your company and your products” (Wells, 2016). Replace “customers” with “patrons” and “library for “company,” and it is clear that through branding we should aim to think about what we want patrons to feel when they think about the library. Those feelings come together to create the library’s culture, and in that way it is the library’s culture that is being branded more than just the library itself. It is with these feelings in mind, coupled with hard and soft data, and conversations with my library colleagues, that we decided on a design direction for the library logo. Even though branding is so much more than a logo, a visual representation or symbol that calls upon these feelings is a hallmark of a solid brand. Using the tags discussed earlier, I searched Adobe Stock for inspiration and after much deliberation and editing, decided on 3 variations of a design. I mocked up all three using Adobe Illustrator, and presented them to my colleagues and my Assistant Principal. The colors in the final design pictured here represent the diversity of the school community. The multi-colored books represent our community, and the community is enmeshed in a continuous spine in the shape of a lowercase m for Murrow. The typeface honors and hearkens back to the journalistic background of our school’s namesake Edward R. Murrow. The logo was very well received and its recognition is growing every day. For a number of years, the library was not operating to its fullest potential for a variety of reasons. It is very exciting to be part of a ground-floor effort to reimagine the school library, amplify the library culture, and establish branding that is already showing its benefit through increased circulation, standing room only capacity levels, and a general feeling of happiness among students and faculty through conversations and word of mouth. It’s all about the culture We (my librarian trio) have a shared vision and are working hard to build the culture in the library. We’re doing this by: greeting all patronsgetting to know the students and learning their namesestablishing and maintaining relationships with studentsestablishing collaborative relationships with facultycreating programming like book clubs, author visits and a MakerSpacemaintaining a social media presence In addition, all that is publicized about or from the library bears the logo as does library signage, school LibGuide and email accounts. We want the symbol of our library to be synonymous with the feelings and qualities we are cultivating. Although those feelings are hard to define, they are made up of individual experiences, or impressions. Impressions build branding and those impressions are part of the library’s culture. Impressions make up the way a patron perceives you, so a question that I continuously ask myself is, “How do I want the library to be remembered?” Currently, I want it to be a remembered as a safe place to learn, explore, and just be. What I have learned so far Three months in, I feel that I have learned more about branding than I have collectively in my entire life. Branding is not a checklist, that can be ticked off like a shopping list. It is a living process that must be thought about in circular arcs rather than linear paths. A library’s brand has everything to do with the library’s culture which is complemented by the school’s culture. It is not possible to have one without the other. They are inextricably intertwined. I have learned that branding is certainly a big picture issue and relies almost completely on what the library has to offer in terms of culture and services and how those offerings are perceived by its patrons. The logo helps reinforce this by acting as a symbol that reminds patrons of the feelings that the library invokes for them. The branding process should be approached as a designer, thoughtful and methodicalâ€"not motivated for the simple thrill of seeing a design come to fruition. Stories, like culture, and like branding, are connected with the heart and the mind and it is through our reflection on those stories that we cultivate and sustain our brand. Ira Glass asserted that stories make listeners feel something. I feel the same can be said for library patrons. It is the stories they have experienced that make them feel something while the logo stands for it. It is not a logo or some letterhead that brands a library, but all the impressions and perceptions that create those stories. In branding the school library, it is the “transformation,” that Dr. Strong discusses in the USC article, that we are after. In order for transformation in patrons to occur, we must lure them in with a “compelling plot” in the form of programming, but not just the programming itself. More important are the stories that are woven through that programming. Those stories will elicit feelings. Branding a school library takes time, effort, and a consistent eye toward the elements that invoke in patrons those feelings of recognition. The stories are where the culture is and thus there resides branding. Easily create an MLA works cited like the one below using ! MLA format is always free, while APA format, Chicago style format, and thousands of other styles are available via an EasyBib Plus subscription. References Adobe Stock. (2018). Retrieved from https://stock.adobe.com/ Dawn. (2015, August 9). Brand storytelling “A brand is a story that is always being told.”â€" Scott Bedbury. Retrieved from http://buytheway.ascjclass.org/brand-storytelling-a-brand-is-a-story-that-is-always-being-told-scott-bedbury/ Edward R. MurrowHigh School. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ermurrowhs.org/ Sykes, T., Patel, D. (2018). Branding definition Entrepreneur small business encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/branding Wells, R. (2016, August 3). What is branding, and why is branding important? Retrieved from https://www.lucidpress.com/blog/what-is-branding-and-why-is-branding-important Receive up to 20 free grammar check suggestions when you scan any paper in the EasyBib Plus proofreading tool. Also free are grammar guides

Homework Assignment Learning Plan - 1268 Words

Homework Assignment 1: Learning Plan The Learning Plan is an important document containing key goals, expectations, self-reflections on strengths and weaknesses, my outlook on success and failure; and ultimately, how I deal with disappointment. By developing my Learning Plan, I will create a roadmap to my success in Bus4053. 1. The following are two or three personal goals for the course/semester. Why? Creating and setting personal goals can help my personal development. For the first semester, I have two personal goals: academic soundness and developing soft skill. The first goal is performing well academically. I feared, after being away from university for 20 years, I would have some difficulty adjusting to the pace and expectations in an academic situation. To help achieve this goal, I intend to utilize available resources at George Brown College such as PeerConnect to get study tips, and to try to ensure I do not fall behind with required reading or assignments. To do well academically would enable me to obtain the IIBA Academic Diploma in Business Analysis Program, potentially gain a co-op work placement and eventually a career as a business analyst. The second personal goal is developing my soft skills such as public speaking and socialization. Normally, I have a natural tendency to be introverted; and consequentially, I need to create challenges or milestones to change my introverted behaviour. I am thinking of trying to start a business analystShow MoreRelatedI Plan For My Lesson Plan814 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to classroom procedures, I plan to try to keep the routine the same unless instructed to do differently. This will provide structure for my lesson plan(s) and will also give the students an idea of what to expect on a daily basis. The lessons will be structured to promote a self-starter mindset, a sense of independence within the learning process, and teamwork. The agenda for the day will be written out on the whiteboard for students to see, as they walk into the classroom. TheyRead MoreThe Importance of Homework Essay519 Words   |  3 Pagesspend hours checking it. Homework is sometimes a burden to teachers and students but still it is necessary. Some people doubt homeworks effectiveness, but teachers and researchers agree homework is essential. Homework helps students get better grades in school. Some people dont know exactly what homework is. Homework is defined as an out of class activity assigned to students as an extension or elaboration of classroom work(KidSource). There are three types of homework teachers generally give outRead MoreMy Homework Policy For Scenario 2 s Classroom1259 Words   |  6 Pages My Classroom Homework Policy Maurina Morton Western Governor’s University My Homework Policy Reflection: I believe that the homework policy for scenario 2’s classroom positively promotes social interaction, self-engagement, and student motivation in the elementary school classroom. There are multiple occasions listed in the policy where the student must interact directly with their teacher. These occasions include turning and picking up homework, setting up a conference to discussRead MoreThe Problems of Summer Homework911 Words   |  4 Pagesover 1,100 hours of hard work and studying, not including long nights of homework. But that’s okay because when the final bell rings on the last day of the school year, it’s time to relax; it’s time for a break ... or is it? With the implementation of summer homework by some schools, the laborious work continues through what is supposed to be a break. While some will claim these assignments help, in reality summer homework is not beneficial to the academic achievement of students for several reasonsRead MoreHomework As A Learning Experience858 Words   |  4 PagesHomework for college level students should not be required. There are three basic functions of homework that Professor of Education, Univ ersity of Connecticut Ronald T. Laconte defines in his article â€Å"Homework as a Learning Experience. What Research says to the Teacher†: practice, preparation, and extension. Preparation is defined as reading done outside of class before a topic is discussed. Extension is defined as homework that is designed to take the student beyond what was covered in class. PracticeRead MoreStep 3 : Selecting Class Resources In The Classroom745 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant aspect of this section is selecting updated resources that students will actively use for homework. Secondly, finding helpful outside resources to save students’ time. This section requires some research. Many resources the class offers are excellent and should remain the same. For example, Lynda tutorials provides visual, step-by-step explanation of processes. The current textbook used is Learning Web Design by Jennifer Robbins (2012), which is outdated for the quickly-evolving coding worldRead More Technology in the Classroom Essay example1439 Words   |  6 Pagesopening all students eyes to a world of mathematics that they never before could have even began to imagine or understand. The U.S Department of Education is developing a plan, The National Education Technology Plan, to incorporate technology properly into the classroom. The goal of this plan is to improve student learning and to prepare students for the world we live in today. The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, feels that ?America?s prosperity in the 21st century rests largely upon theRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Homework1040 Words   |  5 Pageselementary school to college, students are assigned homework thorough out the year. At some point, some students put their health at risk to complete their homework and turn it in the next day. Teachers assign different quantities of homework throughout the day, but at the end of the night, homework from each class eventually becomes a massive load for a student, where the students struggle to finish it all night. Students lose sleep due to homework, and then they are unable to focus in class duringRead MoreIs Homework Harmful Or Helpful?878 Words   |  4 PagesOdera Is Homework harmful or helpful?. Homework is defined as an out of class task assigned to students to help them practice and prepare for their future. Homework has been around for a very long time. It is set and traced as a tradition of having teachers assigning work and students working on it. Parents demand that teachers require it and teachers verbally express that parents demand more of it. teachers assign homework to avail some students ameliorate their grade and pass the courseRead MoreCct 300B. Intermediate Accounting . Course Information1686 Words   |  7 Pagespractices underlying preparation, interpretation and use of external financial reports. Attention is also given to professional ethics and evolving U.S. and international standards. Course Learning Goals: The learning goals of Accounting 300B include: Critical Thinking: Students will be able to demonstrate learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. More specifically, students will be able to evaluate accounting issues in light of investing and lending decisions and how accounting information

The Odyssey, By Homer Essay - 1679 Words

The Odyssey, a text written by Homer, originates from Ionia (a part of Asia Minor). This epic poem relates the journeys of both Odysseus and Telemachus. During their journeys, they encounter a wide variety of hosts. Telemachus provides Mentes a great meal and is later also given a feast from King Nestor. In addition, King Nestor also gifted Telemachus two horses and a chariot; Athena gave Telemachus the gift of wise advice, for which he used to go on his journey. And as their paths crossed in a meeting back in Ithaca, Odysseus is given food and allowed to rest by Telemachus just as his emotional need had been cared for by Alcinous through ending the lyre’s tune. The figures that host Odysseus and Telemachus during their travels highlight the importance of hospitality. As revealed by The Odyssey, the Ancient Greeks valued feasting, gift giving, and caring for the need of the guest as important values of hospitality. As a good host, Telemachus offers food to Mentes. Athena, in disguise as Mentes, is in Ithaca as a guest in the home of Penelope and Telemachus. Telemachus is in charge of Ithaca as the whereabouts of Odysseus are unknown. This feast, which is being given to Mentes, is described in a fanciful tone. In the company of the suitors, a â€Å"maid† brought out a â€Å"grateful golden pitcher†. Servants then set down â€Å"golden cups† to be filled with wine. The situation in Ithaca is dire as suitors are attempting to take over in the absence of Odysseus. Penelope and TelemachusShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey by Homer1210 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† takes place ten years after the events in â€Å"The Iliad†, to which the Odyssey is an indirect sequel, and the fall of Troy; even though the story is believed to have been composed some time during the eight century B.C.E. it is estimated to be set sometime between 1300 and 1000 B.C.E. in Mycenaean Greece during the Bronze age. In this novel all Greek heroes have returned home after the fall of Troy, except for Odysseus who after a three year journey has been held captive by theRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer1388 Words   |  6 PagesIs a hero only characterized by their success? If a leader’s last actions carry them to victory, are their flaws unimportant? The Odyssey by Homer narrates the ancient myth of a leader coming home from war in Troy who faces many trials, and despite returning home alone without any of his crew, he is looked upon as a hero for having survived. His ultimately sole success continues to define him, although the bitter truth being that he was the leader of his men when they all perished. As flaws of theRead MoreThe Odyssey By The Homer1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey is known as one of the greatest western literature in the world. The book covers many details of the relationship between Gods and humans. The author focuses on Odyssey honor, honesty, bravery, creativity, and nobility. Though the Odyssey has received many criticisms compare to the author other best work such as The Iliad, it has also been praised for its sophistication, complexity and thematic consistency. The book talks about Odysseus journey home to find his son and wife. It also talksRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthe time’s culture appropriately. This has been a necessary course of action, to ensure their writing conveys the quest and its respective elements in a manner that will be understood by the responder in the relevant time period. The texts ‘The Odyssey (Homer 8th Century BC), In the Shadow of No Towers (Art Spiegelman 2004) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde 1890) have appropriated the archetypal quest in their respective time periods to reflect the values of their context. â€Å"The hero venturesRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer990 Words   |  4 Pages The Odyssey, written by Homer, is an epic poem that follows the victorious footsteps of Odysseus, a Greek hero, as he begins his journey to return home to Ithaca. The poem takes place between 750 and 650 B.C. in Greece, shortly after the Trojan War between the city of Troy and King of Sparta. Athena, daughter of Zeus and the goddess of wisdom, is a character that appears in disguise throughout the whole story. She controls when to disguise herself and when to make herself known; essentially havingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1172 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s, The Odyssey spins an exciting tale of war, fantasy, and magic spanning twenty years. However, the thrust of the story focuses on human relationships and Odysseus’s strong desire to reunite with his wife and soul mate, Penelope and their son Telemachus. However, to truly understand his desire return home, one must examine many facets of the epic. What is the significance of the turmoil experienced in the househol d during his absence? Is Penelope a cunning equal and meet spouse for OdysseusRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer1337 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Michael CLAS342 Paper #2 November 28, 2014 The Odyssey is a work by Homer, written to take place ten years after the fall of Troy. In the Iliad Odysseus was not a crucial character, but this particular text follows him around and details his experience after the war. To give some background, He has yet to return to Ithaca in the beginning of the text, away from his wife now for the duration of the battles as well as these ten years following. While he was gone, his palace was overthrown byRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1275 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey is one of the two epic Greek poems attributed to Homer. The Odyssey is the sequel of The Iliad and mainly focuses on Odysseus’s return from the battle of Troy to his home, Ithaca. Odysseus’s travels take him beyond the realm of the known world and he encounters many mythological beings, which he has never met before. Every encounter with these creatures in The Odyssey is full of adventures, twists and most important of all, life lessons. If we assume Odysseus’s longRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. Odysseus’ ship is forced to dock on many islands, most of which have hostile environments. Odysseus serves as the model for an epic hero, a fictional character who possesses many traits admirable to his or her societyRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages8th century, The Odyssey, is Homer s epic of Odysseus 10-year struggle to return home after the Trojan War. Odysseus defining character traits, such as nobility, courage, thirst for the glory and the appealing confidence in his authority dominated the storyline throughout. The many themes of this epic mainly focus around the Gree k hero Odysseus however in my essay I will attempt to analyze hospitality. Hospitality shaped an important part of social interactions in The Odyssey. Although Greek society

Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana Free Essays

Marijuana vs  cigarettes See also: Smoking Marijuana does not cause lung cancer Top anti drug researcher changes his mind: says legalize marijuana Marijuana and your lungs: recent studies Pot is not like tobacco The Effects of Marijuana Smoke There are many reasons why marijuana is  not  worse for you than smoking cigarettes. You may have heard that â€Å"one joint is equal to ten cigarettes† but this is exaggerated and misleading. Marijuana does contain more tar than tobacco — but low tar cigarettes cause just as much cancer, so what is that supposed to mean? Scientists have hown that smoking any plant is bad for your lungs, because it increases the number of ‘lesions’ in your small airways. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now This usually does not threaten your life, but there is a chance it will lead to infections. Marijuana users who are worried about this can find less harmful ways of taking marijuana like eating or vaporizing. (Be careful – marijuana is safe to eat — but tobacco is not, you might overdose! )  Marijuana does not cause cancer  the way tobacco does, though. Here is a list of interesting facts about marijuana smoking and tobacco smoking: o Marijuana smokers generally don’t chain smoke, nd so they smoke less. (Marijuana is not physically addictive like tobacco. ) The more potent marijuana is, the less a smoker will use at a time. o Tobacco contains nicotine, and marijuana doesn’t. Nicotine may harden the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart disease caused by tobacco. New research has found that it may also cause a lot of the cancer in tobacco smokers and people who live or work where tobacco is smoked. This is because it breaks down into a cancer causing chemical called `N Nitrosamine’ when it is burned (and maybe even while it is inside the body as well. o Marijuana contains THC. THC is a bronchial dilator, which means it works like a cough drop and opens up your lungs, which aids clearance of smoke and dirt. Nicotine does just the opposite; it makes your lungs bunch up and makes it harder to cough anything up. o There are benefits from marijuana (besides bronchial dilation) that you don’t get from tobacco. Mainly, marijuana makes you relax, which improves your health and well-being. o  Scientists do not really know what it is that causes malignant lung cancer in tobacco. Many think it may be a substance known as Lead 210. Of course, there are many other theories as to what does cause cancer, but if this is true, it is easy to see why  no case of lung cancer resulting from marijuana use alone has ever been documented, because tobacco contains much more of this substance than marijuana. o Marijuana laws make it harder to use marijuana without damaging your body. Water-pipes are illegal in many states. Filtered cigarettes, vaporizers, and inhalers have to be mass produced, which is hard to arrange `underground. ’ People don’t eat marijuana often because you need more to get as high that way, nd it isn’t cheap or easy to get (which is the reason why some people will stoop to smoking leaves. ) This may sound funny to you — but  the more legal marijuana gets, the safer it is. It is pretty obvious to users that marijuana prohibition laws are not â€Å"for their own good. † In addition to the above, legal marijuana would be clean and free from adulterants. Some people ad d other drugs to marijuana before they sell it. Some people spray room freshener on it or soak in in chemicals like formaldehyde! A lot of the marijuana is grown outdoors, where it may be sprayed with esticides or contaminated with dangerous fungi. If the government really cared about our health, they would form an agency which would make sure only quality marijuana was sold. This would be cheaper than keeping it illegal, and it would keep people from getting hurt and going to the emergency room. (source) FACT: Studies have shown that smoking marijuana does NOT increase your chance of getting cancer and may even lower it slightly! Of course, vaping or eating cannabis are still considered the safest methods of ingestion especially for daily consumers. Early on, when our research appeared as if there would be a negative impact on lung health, I was opposed to legalization because I thought it would lead to increased use and that would lead to increased health effects,† Tashkin s ays. â€Å"But at this point, I’d be in favor of legalization. Tobacco smoking causes far more harm. And in terms of an intoxicant, alcohol causes far more harm. UCLA’s Tashkin studied heavy marijuana smokers to determine whether the use led to increased risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. He hypothesized that there would be a definitive link between cancer and marijuana smoking, but the results proved otherwise. â€Å"What we found instead was no association and even a suggestion of some protective effect,† says Tashkin, whose research was the largest case-control study ever conducted. Listen to Tashkin’s full video  here UPDATE Source  A new study, published in this month’s  Journal of the American Medical Association, tested the lung function of over 5,000 young adults between 18 and 30. After 20 years of testing, researchers found some buzzworthy results:  regular marijuana smokers (defined by up to a joint a day for seven years) had no discernible impairment in lung activity from non-smokers. In fact, researchers were surprised to find marijuana smokers performed slightly better than both smokers and non-smokers on the lung performance test. Why? The most likely explanation seems to be that the act of inhaling marijuana—holding each puff in for as long as possible—is a lot like a pulmonary function test, giving marijuana smokers an edge over their igarette smoking counterparts. For most of human existence, cannabis has been considered a medicine. Queen Victoria used it to alleviate her menstrual cramps. Extracts were prescribed by doctors and available at every pharmacy in the U. S. According to  Fast Food Nation  author Eric Schlosser, attitudes toward cannabis only shifted when Americans began to notice and object to its use by immigrants arou nd the turn of the 20th century. More  here How to cite Tobacco Smoking and Legal Marijuana, Essay examples

Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Essay The Renaissance was preceded by International Gothic, a style of art and architecture that continued into the first decades of the asses. In Gothic art figures appear static, lacking depth, volume and pictorial realism. Artists favored backgrounds of gold-leaf that embellished the image and accentuated its flatness. Figures become more three- dimensional, their movement fluid and natural. Detailed landscapes or Classical architectural settings demonstrate new theories of perspective. Sacred imagery-? Jesus, Mary and saints-?was no longer the only subject for art. We will write a custom essay on Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Spurred on by humanist concepts derived through the revival of Greece-Roman texts, Renaissance artists made humans central to their paintings. However, the shift from Gothic to Renaissance ideas was slow and, as a result, many paintings from the first half of the fifteenth century remain rooted in the older tradition. The principal members of the first generation of Renaissance artistsDONATED in sculpture, Fillips BRUCELLOSIS in architecture, and MOSAIC in paintingshared many important characteristics. Central to their thinking was a faith in the theoretical foundations of art and the conviction that development and progress were not only possible but essential to the life and significance of the arts. Ancient art was revered, not only as an inspiring model but also as a record of trial and error that could reveal the successes of former great artists. Intending to retrace the creative process rather than to merely imitate the final achievements of antiquity, Early Renaissance artists sought to create art forms consistent with the appearance of the natural world and tit their experience of human personality and behavior. The challenge of accurate representation as it concerned mass sculptural form, or the pictorial considerations of measurable space and the effects of light and color, was addressed in the spirit of intense and methodical inquiry. Rational inquiry was believed to be the key to success; therefore, efforts were made to discover the correct laws of proportion for architecture and for the representation of the human body and to systematize the rendering of pictorial space. Although these artists were keenly observant of natural phenomena, they also tended to extrapolate general rules from specific appearances. Similarly, they made an effort to go beyond straightforward transcription of nature, to instill the work of art with ideal, intangible qualities, endowing it with a beauty and significance greater and more permanent than that actually found in nature. These characteristicsthe rendering of ideal forms rather than literal appearance and the concept of the physical world as the vehicle or imperfect embodiment of monumental spiritual beautywere to remain fundamental to the nature and development of Italian Renaissance art. The art of the High Renaissance, however, sought a general, unified effect of pictorial representation or architectural composition, increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art and gathering its energies and forming a controlled equilibrium. Because the essential characteristic of High Renaissance art was its unitya balance achieved as a matter of intuition, beyond the reach of rational knowledge or technical skillthe High Renaissance style was destined to break up as soon as emphasis was shifted to favor any one element in the composition. The High Renaissance style endured for them Leonardo dad Vinci, Donate Aberrant, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. Leonardo dad Vines unfinished Adoration of the Magi (1481; Fizz Gallery, Florence) is regarded as a landmark of unified pictorial composition, later realized fully in his fresco The Last Supper (1495-97; Santa Maria dell Gracie, Milan). Leonardo is considered the paragon of Renaissance thinkers, engaged as he was in experiments f all kinds and having brought to his art a spirit of restless inquiry that sought to discover the laws governing diverse natural phenomena. A major watershed in the development of Italian Renaissance art was the sack of Rome in 1527, which temporarily ended the citys role as a source of patronage and compelled artists to travel to other centers in Italy, France, and Spain. Even before the death of Raphael, in 1520, anticlimactic tendencies had begun to manifest themselves in Roman art. Renaissance Essay Example For Students Renaissance Essay Renaissance Renaissance is a French word meaning rebirth. The Renaissance originated in Italy during the mid-14th century and spanned through the 17th century. This rebirth was a distinct change from the previous time period, the Middle Ages. The Renaissance was a cultural rediscovery of Greek and Roman ideas, which was demonstrated in art, literature, and religion. It was, generally, a rebirth (some may say revival) of art, literature, and religion. Starting in around the mid-14th century, it was truly a rebirth. Coming off the Black Death and Hundred Years War, there was leant of room for change. We will write a custom essay on Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Around one-third of Rupees population was ravaged by wars and disease during the end of the Middle Ages, so new generations of ideas were bound to happen. With art, new techniques grew in paintings, sculptures, and architecture. There was finer definition in facial structure and the occurrence of naturalism, as shown in works like David. There was also the creation of three- dimensional painting on a two-dimensional surface. Renaissance artists were recognized and respected as individuals, not as much as a group at this point. David y Michelangelo, was a sculpture of the Biblical hero, created between 1501 and 1504. The reason this sculpture is so magnificent is that it was built like a Greek god with such fine technique and the beauty of naturalism. The Middle Ages can also be recognized as an Age of Faith. With the great power of the papacy and Catholic Church, one cannot simply deny that this was a church- dominated period of time. The Renaissance, however, was not so much religiously dominated, more so a new way of thinking towards the world. Instead of a religiously run government, it was more of an aristocracy style government. This means families like the Medici family were powerful because of their wealth and history. Patriarch was an Italian writer, also known as the Father of Humanism, during the Renaissance who admired Greek and Roman style. 1To put it briefly, we ought to act as a careful guardian of the state, not as its lord. Such was the advice that the philosopher gave at great length in his politics, advice that is found to be very useful and clearly consistent with Justice. The philosopher to whom he was referring was Aristotle, showing that great thinkers during the Renaissance were looking back to the Greeks or their ideas rather than looking to the church for guidance. Literature grew emphatically during the Renaissance. The earliest (quite possibly the best) writers were Dante, Patriarch, Vocation, and Machiavelli. These Italian writers had notable works that spread throughout Europe, ultimately spreading some of the Renaissance style. With the creation of the movable type printing press in the asses Oneness Gutenberg), there was significant encouragement for literacy and the spread of the Renaissance ideas. It is a press, certainly, but a press from which shall flow in inexhaustible streams Through it, God will spread His Word. A spring of truth shall flow from it: like a new star it shall scatter the darkness of ignorance, and cause a light heretofore unknown to shine amongst men. Gutenberg basically foreshadowed the spread of knowledge with his printing press. In conclusion, the Renaissance was Roman and Greek ideas, which modified the layout of European society for many centuries (for better or for worse). This cultural rediscovery was shown in art, literature, and religion for an amazing three hundred years of history.

An observation report discussion about the behavior of a Siamas (Hylob

An observation report discussion about the behavior of a Siamas (Hylobates Syndactylus) Specie: Hylobates Syndactylus Order: Primate Diet: fruits, leaves and insects Location: Zoo Negara Time: 12pm- 3pm Date: 05 February 2010 Colour: Black Gender: Male I visited Zoo Negara Negara to observe the Siamang which is a gibbon. Siamang has a large inflated larynx sac which looks grey in colour which it uses to make loud sounds and is located right below its chin. It usually makes the sounds in the morning. It is categorized as an ape because, it has no tail and is very intelligent. It is similar to other gibbons in the sense that it has ischial callosities which is the horny pads on its buttocks which are very tough. I was mainly interested in observing its interaction with me and other humans, also with its neighboring animals, which was placed right next to its cage in both the left and the right side, the cage was next to other gibbons, the one on the left was the same type of species called Hylobates Syndactylus and it looked like as if it was a mother and her child. The other one in the right was a genus Hylobates ape which was also a mother and her child. I also wanted to observe how it shows that it was desperately in need of food, the way it excrete, its facial features and body signals. I prepared everything that I needed to carry out the observation. I took a pen and my new diary which I used to record everything that I saw the gibbon doing that was applicable to what I specifically wanted to observe. At first I had assumed that the zoo cage would not be that much well facilitated and to my surprise I was wrong. As I approached the Siamang cage, there were trees inside the cage, robes that was hanging from different position and there were some that was designed like a swing so that the animal can play around in the cage. Above the ground, next to the tree branches was a bed designed like a swing which looked like it was his resting place. At the end of the cage there was a cemented place where there were holes on the wall to insert its food. When I arrived it was setting down but immediately when it saw me, it came running towards me and held the fence with both hands and attached its legs to the fence. When it noticed that I was eating pop corns, it started licking its left hand and its mouth widely open and touched its lower jaw from the inside with its left hand fingers. It then reached out its left hand out of the fence with its fingers fully stretched. I ignored it and it ran to its food placement to check if the workers have placed any food for it and luckily after a long search it came back with a banana. It was walking with both of its hands lifted up with its fingers facing down. It was looking at me when it climbed on to a tree to eat. It heard the sound of my pop corn plastic and it came running to beg again. I ignored it again. It then began lick its hands again and started eating fresh leaves which it cut from the plant just next to its cage. It detached a branch from the plant and held it with its hands and legs while sitting down and ate the leaves with its mouth. It then started to shake both hands when it finished and sat down for some time. Then I cut leaves from the plant and threw them near its cage and it was watching me and the leaves on my hand. It watched where they fell first, the two of them and when it saw that I have stopped, it then searched for them and ate them one at a time. When searching for the leaves, it actually searched close to where they fell. After it finished eating the leaves, it saw its neighboring apes eating their food, it ran to watch them and after a while went to check if its own food

How the Persian Wars Started

How the Persian Wars Started During the Archaic Age, one group of Greeks pushed another from the mainland, resulting in a sizeable Hellenic population in Ionia (now Asia Minor). Eventually, these uprooted Greeks came under the rule of the Lydians of Asia Minor. In 546, Persian monarchs replaced the Lydians. The Ionian Greeks found Persian rule oppressive and attempted to revolt- with the aid of the mainland Greeks. The Persian Wars lasted from 492-449 B.C. Ionian Greeks The Athenians considered themselves Ionian; however, the term is now used a bit differently. What we consider Ionians were the Greeks the Dorians (or descendants of Hercules) pushed off mainland Greece. Ionian Greeks, who were in contact with the civilizations to their East, including Mesopotamia and ancient Iran, made many important contributions to Greek culture- especially philosophy. Croesus of Lydia King Croesus of Lydia, a man of fabled wealth, was said to have acquired his wealth from the man with the Golden Touch- Midas, son of the man who had created the Gordian Knot. Croesus is said to have been the first foreigner to come into contact with the Greek settlers of Ionia, in Asia Minor. Misinterpreting an oracle, he lost his kingdom to Persia. The Greeks chafed under Persian rule and reacted. The Persian Empire King Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Lydians and put King Croesus to death.* By acquiring Lydia, Cyrus was now king of the Ionian Greeks. The Greeks objected to the strains the Persians put on them, including the draft, heavy tribute, and interference in local government. A Greek tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, first tried to ingratiate himself with the Persians and then led a revolt against them. The Persian War The Ionian Greeks sought and received military help from mainland Greece, but once the more distant Greeks came to the attention of the African and Asian empire-building Persians, the Persians sought to annex them, too. With many more men and a despotic government going for the Persian side, it looked like a one-sided fight. King Darius of Persia Darius ruled the Persian Empire from 521-486. Going east, he conquered part of the Indian Subcontinent and attacked tribes of the Steppe, like the Scythians, but never conquered them. Nor was Darius able to conquer the Greeks. Instead, he suffered a defeat in the Battle of Marathon. This was very important for the Greeks, although fairly minor for Darius. Xerxes, the King of Persia A son of Darius, Xerxes, was more aggressive in his empire building. To avenge his fathers defeat at Marathon, he led an army of about 150,000 men and a 600-ship navy into Greece, defeating the Greeks at Thermopylae. Xerxes destroyed much of Athens, from which most of the people had fled, gathering together with other Greeks at Salamis to face their enemy. Then Xerxes suffered defeat in the battle off the island of Salamis. He left Greece, but his general Mardonius remained, only to be defeated at Plataea. Herodotus Herodotus History, a celebration of the Greek victory over the Persians, was written in the mid-fifth century B.C. Herodotus wanted to present as much information about the Persian War as he could. What sometimes reads like a travelogue, includes information on the entire Persian Empire, and simultaneously explains the origins of the conflict with references to mythological prehistory. The Delian League After an Athenian-led Greek victory over the Persians at the Battle of Salamis, in 478, Athens was put in charge of a protection alliance with the Ionian cities. The treasury was at Delos; hence the name for the alliance. Soon the leadership of Athens became oppressive, although, in one form or another, the Delian League survived until the victory of Philip of Macedonia over the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea. *For conflicting accounts of the death of Croesus, see: What Happened to Croesus? by J. A. S. Evans. The Classical Journal, Vol. 74, No. 1. (Oct. - Nov. 1978), pp. 34-40. Sources A History of the Ancient World, by Chester StarrThe Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, by Donald KaganPlutarchs Life of Pericles, by H. Hold

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Reflection - Essay Example Evidently, civilization has seen the exchange in cultural practices and activities. Best practices have always been exchanged ever since the realization of the cultural diversity. People from different cultures tend to learn the practices of the other cultures and utilize the lessons for personal and societal benefits. However, the cultural diversity does not mean that cultures are different. Indeed, the variation attributes to the presence of similarities and differences in the human culture. This paper will use the anthropology lens in demonstrating the cultural variations using two-course books. It will elaborate the cultural variations between the American hip hop group and a Japanese hip hop group The author elaborates on the diversity between the Japanese society and American society in regards to their perception to hip hop music. In the process, it explains how a culture and music that originates halfway around the world is appropriated and remade within the Tokyo clubs and the recording studios. In the process, the Japanese cultural diversity and the rest of the world are demonstrated. The book depicts hip hop as an accepted genre of music in the American society while it is still finding its ground in Japan. Evidently, the hip hop scene in Japan is vibrant. Therefore, the many of the Japanese are grappling with the music genre to come relevant in the music industry and clubs in Tokyo. As a mimicked cultural practice, the Japanese is not able to reshape hip hop into a Japanese product. Rather, they try to mimic the whole package of the American rappers. This includes the use of derogatory terms, rhythm (Condry 137). This shows that the Japanese language does not correspon d to the hip hop nature of music. The hip hop genre requires the rappers to flow with the beats and make sense out of a particular rhythm. Therefore, the two cultures vary in language, and that influences their music industry. From the recording shows,

International business strategy case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International business strategy case - Essay Example Hence, the theory of comparative advantage, which focuses on the fact that a country should produce the goods and services that are of an advantage to business compared to other countries, applies. This is the case with China, since their low cost and highly demanded machinery are of absolute advantage to the country and it is able to attract major nations like Brazil. A country should hence focus on those goods that are demanded for trade by other countries so as to improve on its economy and gain a comparative advantage (Lasserre, 2007). The diversity of a country I terms of competition can also influence whether a firm’s selection decision. The size of a country’s market is also important since it represents the quality of products being produced in that country. A favorable market, should be able to grow fast due to demand of its products and services, implying that it is the best market for business since it has a competitive advantage. The taxes and interest rates are a major concern to multinational firms who want to venture in business in other countries. These firms will always opt for the low interest rates and low taxes on their goods. ... These incentives are offered by foreign countries so as to attract investors (Lasserre, 2007). Absolute advantage theory applies in the case of Brazil, which seems to have been keen on the selection of multinational firms; this occurs when it comes to the advantage of one country compared to another in the production of goods and services (Lasserre, 2007). Countries like china have an advantage of cheap and skilled labor and low interest rates over other countries; in this case, Brazil buys raw materials and components from china like windows, which are reassembled in other firms around the world to produce complete busses. The main aim why Brazil relies on China for its raw materials is because of their friendly price, thus enabling Brazil to make profit on the end product. However, Brazil and China are not the only car manufactures. General Motors was experiencing losses before the year 2007 but suddenly made profits as a result to major sales made in the china market in 2006, wher eby, it was able to invest more than $2million, which resulted to major profits through the sale of 7.2 trucks and automobiles in China. In addition, General motors acquired the second highest market share in China in 2006. Moreover, car manufactures like the Ford, Honda, and Volkswagen produce economy cars that can compete with the china’s current vehicles. It is evident that car manufactures like the GM are a threat to the Brazilian bus maker Marco Polo. Generally, the reason why Marco Polo does not produce complete busses in China is that, there is a requirement of $100 as an investment, which is very difficult for this company to afford. Whereas, the GM car manufactures were able

Photocatalytic Activity Investigation

Photocatalytic Activity Investigation The photocatalytic activity of the modified samples was investigated by the determination of the remaining concentration of the nominated pollutant, acetaldehyde, over various time intervals. Figures. 5 and 6 show the photodecomposition activity of different modified TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ nanoparticles under 8w visible light irradiation in the continuous flow reactor with a flow rate of 95 ml/min. According to Figures. 5 and 6, all the modified samples show much higher photocatalytic activity than the pure TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, confirming that N and Co doping is an effective way of improving the photocatalytic activity. The highest activity was observed for 1%Co-N-TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ sample, and the 50 min irradiation by visible light resulted in 44.2% of acetaldehyde degradation for this sample. The increased visible light absorption and specific surface area are key factors that influenced the photoactivity of the different modified samples under visible light irradiation compared to pure TiO2. The decrease in the particle size and increase in the BET surface area (Table 1) contribute to the improvement of the acetaldehyde degradation. Table 1 shows that the crystallite size of samples decreases from 21.9 to 14.7 nm; this decrease may be beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. Compared with the N-TiO2 sample, Co-N/TiO2 photocatalysts have a larger surface area, which increases the photoactivity rate because of the large amounts of acetaldehyde molecules being adsorbed on the photocatalytic surface and easily reacted by photogenerated oxidizing species. The light absorption characteristics of the modified samples are extended towards the visible light region after N and Co doping, which implies that the formation of photogenerated charge carriers will be increased under visible light irradiation. Also, cobalt doping with a low cobalt content can act as a charge trap to prevent electron-hole recombination and improve the interfacial charge transfer to degrade acetaldehyde. After the optimal doping ratio of cobalt was exceeded (1wt % Co-N-TiO2), reduced photocatalytic activity was observed. This result can be due to the coverage of the surface of photocatalyst with increased cobalt ions (Co2+) which inhibited interfacial charge transfer due to inadequate amount of light energy available for activation of all the photocatalyst particles. Also due to excessive concentration, Co particles acting as recombination centers for photogenerated electrons and holes . Based on the acetaldehyde degradation results in this study, it is therefore evident that photocatalytic activity is strongly dependent on the doping ratio rather than the band gap of the samples and activities of the Co-N-TiO2 co-doped samples are higher than those of N-TiO2 or pure TiO2. **  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fig. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ** **  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fig. 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ** Kinetic study The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model has been extensively used to describe heterogeneous photocatalysis on titanium dioxide . This model successfully describes the kinetic of Eq. (3), which is the reaction between hydroxyl radical and adsorbed acetaldehyde. When the photocatalytic reaction obeys a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the relationship between the rate of reaction r (ÃŽ ¼mol g-1 min-1) and the acetaldehyde concentration Cact. (ÃŽ ¼mol l-1) can be described as follows in Eq. (4): Where k is the rate constant (ÃŽ ¼mol g-1 min-1) and Ka is the adsorption constant (l ÃŽ ¼mol-1). Some assumptions were used in Eq. (4). Only acetaldehyde is adsorbed on the catalyst surface and all intermediates and products desorbed immediately after chemical reaction; therefore, they have not been detected in Eq. (4). The mathematical modelling for the plug photoreactor at unsteady condition with the assumption of isothermal condition, ignored diffusion resistance and constant flow rate, the mass balance equation inside the continuous photoreactor would become as follows in Eq. (5): Where Q is the volumetric flow rate (l min-1), W is the weight of catalyst (g), V is the volume of the reactor (l), and t is the time of experiment (min). Kinetic parameters (k, K) were calculated using the Nelder-Mead method, which was used through computer programming in MATLAB by minimization of sum of squared of relative error, the difference between the calculated and experimental outlet concentration results, as the following objective function: By minimization of Eq. (6), kinetic parameters (k, Ka) are predicted and shown in Table 3. A good agreement among the predicted and experimental data were found that are shown in Fig. 7.

The Horse Dealer?s Daughter :: essays research papers

In D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Horse Dealer’s Daughter,† Mabel â€Å"did not share the same life as her brothers †(195). Mabel Pervin was not close to her brothers, because there were personal and physical separations. Mabel was a plain, uninteresting woman. She seldom showed emotion on her face. In fact her face usually remained impassive and unchanged. Her brothers could be described as three handsome and well-spoken men. Mabel was independent, having taken care of the house for ten years without a servant. Even though they depended upon her, they seemed to have control over her. The Pervin brothers â€Å"did not care about anything† (195). They were poised and felt secure about themselves. Her brothers felt superior to her. â€Å"They had talked at her and round her for so many years, that she hardly heard them at all† (196). She would either give a neutral response to her brothers, or remain quiet when they talked to her. Instead of giving her encouragement, they teased her. This treatment could have led to her insecurity. They would tease her about becoming a maid or about her â€Å"bulldog† face. Her brothers were full of energy and very talkative. Mabel also seemed to be alone in the world. Unlike her brothers who had many companions, she had had no friends of her own sex. Sometimes it seemed that Mabel wanted to escape her life. One place Mabel felt secure and immune from the world was at her mother’s grave. â€Å"There she always felt secure, as if no one could see her† (200). Mabel was extremely devoted to her deceased parents, especially her mother. She was mindless and persistent. At the graveside, she had many different feelings. She seemed to be coming nearer to her own glorification. Also she would become remote and intent. She seemed to feel contact with the world that mother had lived.

Effect on the Economy Essay

Francis Mr. Joseph English 12 26 November 2012 War: Effect on Economy War has influenced economic history profoundly across time and space. Winners of wars have shaped economic institutions and trade patterns. Wars have influenced technological developments. Above all, recurring war has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. Wars are expensive (in money and other resources), destructive (of capital and human capital), and disruptive (of trade, resource availability, labor management). Large wars make up severe shocks to the economies of participating countries. Despite some positive aspects of short-term stimulation and long-term destruction and rebuilding, war generally impedes economic development and undermines wealth. Several specific economic effects of war recur across historical eras and locales. Next inflation, the most consistent short-term economic effect of war is to push up prices, and consequently to reduce living standards. This war-induced inflation was described in ancient China by the strategist Sun Tzu: â€Å"Where the army is, prices are high; when prices raise the wealth of the people is exhausted† (Tzu Sun, c. 00 BCE) His advice was to keep wars short and have the money in hand before assembling an army. Paying for wars is a central problem for states (see War Finance). This was especially true in early modern Europe (fifteenth to eighteenth centuries), when war relied heavily on mercenary forces. The king of Spain was advised that waging war required three things – money, money, and more money. Spain and Portugal imported silver and gold from America to pay for armies, but in such large quantities that the value of these metals eventually eroded. One way governments pay for war is to raise taxes (which in turn reduces civilian spending and investment). U. S. revolutionary Thomas Paine warned in 1787 that â€Å"war †¦ has but one thing certain, and that is to increase taxes. † Another way to pay for war is to borrow money, which increases government debt, but war-related debts can drive states into bankruptcy as they did to Spain in 1557 and 1596. A third way to fund war is to print more currency, which fuels inflation. Inflation thus often acts as an indirect ax on a national economy to finance war. Industrial warfare, and especially the two World Wars, created inflationary pressures across large economies. Increasingly, governments mobilized entire societies for war – conscripting labor, bidding up prices in markets for natural resources and industrial goods, and diverting capital and technology from civilian to military applications. World War I caused ruinous inflation as participants broke from the gold standard and issued currency freely. Inflation also accompanied the U. S. Civil War, World War II, and the Vietnam War, among others. War-induced inflation, although strongest in war zones, extends to distant belligerents, such as the United States in the World Wars, and, in major wars, even to neutral countries, owing to trade disruption and scarcities. Present-day wars continue to fuel inflation and drive currencies towards worthlessness. In Angola’s civil war (1975-2002), for example, the government currency became so useless that an alternative â€Å"hard† currency – bottles of beer – came to replace it in many daily transactions. In addition to draining money and resources from participants’ economies, most wars create zones of intense destruction of capital such as farms, factories, and cities. These effects severely depress economic output. The famine and plague that accompanied the Thirty Years’ War (1618-48) killed as much as one-third of Germany’s population, as mercenaries plundered civilians and civilians became mercenaries to try to survive. World War I reduced French production by nearly half, starved hundreds of thousands of Germans to death, and led to more than a decade of lower Soviet output. One estimate put World War I’s total cost at $400 billion – five times the value of everything in France and Belgium at the time. Battle casualties, war-induced epidemics, and other demographic disruptions have far-reaching effects. World War I contributed to the 1918 influenza epidemic that killed millions. Military forces in East Africa may have sparked the outbreak of what became a global AIDS epidemic. Quincy Wright estimates that â€Å"at least 10 percent of deaths in modern civilization can be attributed directly or indirectly to war† (Wright, 1942). The U. S. â€Å"baby boom† after World War II continues decades later to shape economic policy debates ranging from school budgets to social security. Wars also temporarily shake up gender relations (among other demographic variables), as when men leave home and women take war jobs to replenish the labor force, as in the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States during World War II. Countries that can fight wars beyond their borders avoid the most costly destruction (though not the other costs of war). For example, the Dutch towards the end of the Thirty Years’ War, the British during the Napoleonic Wars, the Japanese in World War I, and the Americans in both World Wars enjoyed this relative insulation from war’s destruction, which meanwhile weakened their economic rivals. Also, just as wars’ costs and outcomes affect economic conditions and evolution, so too do economic conditions and evolution affect war. Causality runs in both directions. For example, Dutch economic strengths in the early 17th century allowed fast and cheap production of ships, including warships. The resulting naval military advantage in turn supported Dutch long-distance trade. The wealth derived from that trade, in turn, let the Netherlands pay and train a professional standing army, which successfully sheltered the Netherlands from the ruinous Thirty Years’ War. This protection in turn let the Dutch expand their share of world trade at the expense of war-scarred rivals. Thus the evolutions of warfare and of world economic history are intertwined. War is the proximal cause of the recurring inflationary spikes that demarcate 50-year â€Å"Kondratieff waves† in the world economy. Those waves themselves continue to be controversial. However, they may have some predictive value to the extent they clarify the historical relationships between war and military spending on the one hand, and inflation and economic growth on the other. The 1990s mainly followed a predicted long-wave phase of sustained low inflation, renewed growth, and reduced great-power military conflict. If this pattern were to continue, the coming decade would see continued strong growth but new upward pressures on military spending and conflict, eventually leading to a new bout of inflation in the great-power economies. Since scholars do not agree on the mechanism or even the existence of long economic waves, however, such projections are of more academic than practical interest. The relationship between military spending and economic growth has also generated controversy. Despite its pump-priming potential in specific circumstances, as during the 1930s, military spending generally acts to slow economic growth, since it diverts capital and labor from more productive investment (such as in roads, schools, or basic research). During the Cold War, high ilitary spending contributed (among other causes) to the economic stagnation of the Soviet Union and the collapse of North Korea, whereas low military spending relative to GDP contributed to Japan’s growth and innovation. During the 1990s, as real military spending worldwide fell by about one-third, the United States and others reaped a â€Å"peace dividend† in sustained expansion. However, effects of military spending are long-term, and sh arp reductions do not bring quick relief, as Russia’s experience since 1991 demonstrates. The global North-South divide – a stark feature of the world economy – is exacerbated by war. The dozens of wars currently in progress worldwide form an arc from the Andes through Africa to the Middle East and Caucasus, to South and Southeast Asia. In some of the world’s poorest countries, such as Sudan and Afghanistan, endemic warfare impedes economic development and produces grinding poverty, which in turn intensifies conflicts and fuels warfare. To conclude, you have read about the good and bad things of war effects on the economy. War has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. But, the winners of these wars often were rewarded from these wars. War is bad overall; I feel that war should be the last option for any country. Works Cited Washigntonsblog. â€Å"Proof that war is bad for the economy. † 24 Feb. 2012. < http://www. washingtonsblog. com/2012/02/debunking-the-myth-that-war-is-good-for-the-economy-once-and-for-all. html>. Symonds, Peter. â€Å"US wages over war†. 7 Oct. 2012. < http://www. globalresearch. ca/us-wages-economic-war-on-iran/5307485. > < http://www. joshuagoldstein. com/jgeconhi. htm. > <upsky2. triod. com/science/economics/waraffectseconomy. html. > <Www, joshuagoldstein. com/igeconhi. htm. >

The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race and Animal Cruelty

The Iditarod Trail dog sled race is a sled dog race from Anchorage, Alaska to Nome, Alaska, a route that is over 1,100 miles long. Aside from basic animal rights arguments against using dogs for entertainment or to pull sleds, many people object to the Iditarod because of the animal cruelty and deaths involved. â€Å"[J]agged mountain ranges, frozen river, dense forest, desolate tundra and miles of windswept coast . . . temperatures far below zero, winds that can cause a complete loss of visibility, the hazards of overflow, long hours of darkness and treacherous climbs and side hills.† This is from the official Iditarod website. The death of a dog in the 2013 Iditarod has prompted race organizers to improve protocols for dogs removed from the race. History of the Iditarod The Iditarod Trail is a National Historic Trail and was established as a route for dog sleds to access remote, snowbound areas during the 1909 Alaskan gold rush. In 1967, the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race began as a much shorter sled dog race, over a portion of the Iditarod Trail. In 1973, race organizers turned the Iditarod Race into the grueling 9-12 day race that it is today, ending in Nome, AK. As the official Iditarod website puts it, â€Å"There were many who believed it was crazy to send a bunch of mushers out into the vast uninhabited Alaskan wilderness.† The Iditarod Today The rules for the Iditarod require teams of one musher with 12 to 16 dogs, with at least six dogs crossing the finish line. The musher is the human driver of the sled. Anyone who has been convicted of animal cruelty or animal neglect in Alaska is disqualified from being a musher in the Iditarod. The race requires the teams to take three mandatory breaks. Compared to previous years, the entry fee is up and the purse is down. Every musher who finishes in the top 30 receives a cash prize. Inherent Cruelty in the Race According to the Sled Dog Action Coalition, at least 136 dogs have died in the Iditarod or as a result of running in the Iditarod. The race organizers, the Iditarod Trail Committee (ITC), simultaneously romanticize the unforgiving terrain and weather encountered by the dogs and mushers, while arguing that the race is not cruel to the dogs. Even during their breaks, the dogs are required to remain outdoors except when being examined or treated by a veterinarian. In most U.S. states, keeping a dog outdoors for twelve days in freezing weather would warrant an animal cruelty conviction, but Alaskan animal cruelty statutes exempt standard dog mushing practices: This section does not apply to generally accepted dog mushing or pulling contests or practices or rodeos or stock contests. Instead of being an act of animal cruelty, this exposure is a requirement of the Iditarod. At the same time, Iditarod rules prohibit â€Å"cruel or inhumane treatment of the dogs.† A musher may be disqualified if a dog dies of abusive treatment, but the musher will not be disqualified if â€Å"[T]he cause of death is due to a circumstance, nature of the trail, or force beyond the control of the musher. This recognizes the inherent risks of wilderness travel.† If a person in another state forced their dog to run over 1,100 miles through ice and snow and the dog died, they would probably be convicted of animal cruelty. It is because of the inherent risks of running the dogs across a frozen tundra in sub-zero weather for twelve days that many believe the Iditarod should be stopped. The official Iditarod rules state, â€Å"All dog deaths are regrettable, but there are some that may be considered unpreventable.† Although the ITC may consider some dog deaths unpreventable, a sure way to prevent the deaths is to stop the Iditarod. Inadequate Veterinary Care Although race checkpoints are staffed by veterinarians, mushers sometimes skip checkpoints and there is no requirement for the dogs to be examined. According to the Sled Dog Action Coalition, most of the Iditarod veterinarians belong to the International Sled Dog Veterinary Medical Association, an organization that promotes sled dog races. Instead of being impartial caregivers for the dogs, they have a vested interest, and in some cases, a financial interest, in promoting sled dog racing. Iditarod veterinarians have even allowed sick dogs to continue running and compared dog deaths to the deaths of willing human athletes. However, no human athlete has ever died in the Iditarod. Intentional Abuse and Cruelty Concerns about intentional abuse and cruelty beyond the rigors of the race are also valid. According to an  ESPN article: Two-time runner-up Ramy Brooks was disqualified from the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race for abusing his dogs. The 38-year-old Brooks hit each of his 10 dogs with a trail marking lathe, similar to a surveyors stake, after two refused to get up and continue running on an ice field [...] Jerry Riley, winner of the 1976 Iditarod, was banned for life from the race in 1990 after he dropped a dog in White Mountain without informing veterinarians the animal was injured. Nine years later, he was allowed back in the race. One of Brooks’ dogs later died during the 2007 Iditarod, but the death was believed to be unrelated to the beating. Although Brooks was disqualified for beating his dogs, nothing in the Iditarod rules prohibits mushers from whipping the dogs. This quote from  The Speed Mushing Manual, by Jim Welch, appears on the Sled Dog Action Coalition: A training device such as a whip is not cruel at all but is effective [...] It is a common training device in use among dog mushers [...] A whip is a very humane training tool [...] Never say whoa if you intend to stop to whip a dog [...] So without saying whoa you plant the hook, run up the side Fido is on, grab the back of his harness, pull back enough so that there is slack in the tug line, say Fido, get up immediately rapping his hind end with a whip. As if dog deaths were not enough, the rules allow mushers to kill moose, caribou, buffalo, and other large animals â€Å"in defense of life or property† along the race. If the mushers were not racing in the Iditarod, they wouldn’t encounter wild animals defending their territory. Breeding and Culling Many of the mushers breed their own dogs for use in the Iditarod and other sled dog races. Few dogs can become champions, so it is common practice to  cull  the unprofitable dogs. An email from former musher Ashley Keith to the Sled Dog Action Coalition explains: When I was active in the mushing community, other mushers were open with me about the fact that larger Iditarod kennels frequently disposed of dogs by shooting them, drowning them or setting them loose to fend for themselves in the wilderness. This was especially true in Alaska, they said, where veterinarians were often hours away. They often used the phrase Bullets are cheaper. And they noted that its more practical for mushers in remote parts of Alaska to do it themselves. The Mushers Although the mushers endure some of the same harsh conditions faced by the dogs, the mushers decide voluntarily to run the  race and are fully aware of the risks involved. The dogs do not make such decisions knowingly or voluntarily. The mushers can also voluntarily decide to drop out and walk away when the race is too difficult. In contrast, individual dogs are dropped from the team when they are sick, injured or dead. Furthermore, the mushers are not whipped if they are going too slow. Changes After Dog Death in 2013 In the 2013 Iditarod, a dog named Dorado was removed from the race because he was moving stiffly. Dorados musher, Paige Drobny, continued the race and, following standard protocol, Dorado was left outside in the cold and the snow at a checkpoint. Dorado died of asphyxiation after being buried in snow, although seven other dogs who were also covered in snow survived. As a result of Dorados death, race organizers plan to build dog shelters at two checkpoints and also check on the dropped dogs more frequently. More flights will also be scheduled to transport dropped dogs from checkpoints that are not accessible via roads. What Can I Do? You dont have to be a member of PETA to believe in animal rights. Even with the entry fee, the Iditarod loses money on each musher, so the race relies on money from corporate sponsors. Urge the sponsors to stop supporting animal cruelty, and boycott sponsors of the Iditarod. The Sled Dog Action Coalition has a  list of sponsors  as well as a  sample letter.